WAYS OF REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

WAYS OF REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

Plant reproduction is the production of new individuals or offspring in plants, which can be accomplished by sexual or asexual means. Sexual reproduction produces offspring by the fusion of gametes, resulting in offspring genetically different from the parent or parents. Asexual reproduction produces new individuals without the fusion of gametes, genetically identical to the parent plants and each other, except when mutations occur. In seed plants, the offspring can be packaged in a protective seed, which is used as an agent of dispersal.

Asexual reproduction

Plants have two main types of asexual reproduction in which new plants are produced that are genetically identical clones of the parent individual. "Vegetative" reproduction involves a vegetative piece of the original plant (budding, tillering, etc.) and is distinguished from "apomixis", which is a "replacement" for sexual reproduction, and in some cases involves seeds. Apomixis occurs in many plant species and also in some non-plant organisms. For apomixis and similar processes in non-plant organisms, see parthenogenesis.

Sexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction involves two fundamental processes, meiosis which rearranges the genes and reduces the number of chromosomes, and fusion of gametes which restores the chromosome to a complete diploid number. In between these two processes, different types of plants vary. In plants and algae that undergo alternation of generations, a gametophyte is the multicellular structure, or phase, that is haploid, containing a single set of chromosomes:

The gametophyte produces male or female gametes (or both), by a process of cell division called mitosis. The fusion of male and female gametes produces a diploid zygote, which develops by repeated mitotic cell divisions into a multicellular sporophyte. Because the sporophyte is the product of the fusion of two haploid gametes, its cells are diploid, containing two sets of chromosomes. The mature sporophyte produces spores by a process called meiosis, sometimes referred to as "reduction division" because the chromosome pairs are separated once again to form single sets. The spores are therefore once again haploid and develop into a haploid gametophyte. In land plants such as ferns, mosses and liverworts the gametophyte is very small, as in ferns and their relatives. In flowering plants (angiosperms) It is reduced to only a few cells, where the female gametophyte (embryo sac) is known as a megagametophyte and the male gametophyte (pollen) is called a microgametophyte.

MY   REFLEXIÓN:

When an insect goes to a male plant the pollen that it is going to get, adheres to it feet and then when it goes to a female plant the pollen that has of the male that makes it reproduce and grow a new plant and yes we have to reduce the impact in the environment because in wanting to have more benefits of life from technology we affect animals, environment and ourselves.  

AARON  JIMENEZ  5C